The People Of The Ditch

Second Part

The king asked him, “Who has given you bock your sight?’ The courtier said, “My Lord, Allah!” The king said, “Do you have another Lord besides me?” The courtier sold, “My Lord and your Lord is Allah I” The king got hold of him and kept on tormenting him until he informed him about the boy. So the boy was brought. The king said to the boy, ‘0 boy! Has your [knowledge of) sorcery reached to the extent that you can cure born-blinds, lepers, leucodermic patients and do such and such?” The boy replied, “I do not cure anybody it is only Allah who cures.” Then the king got hold of him and kept on tormenting him till he informed him about the monk. And the monk was brought and it was said to him, “Give up your Religion” The monk refused to turn apostate. Then the king ordered a sow and it was put in the middle of his (the monk’s) scalp and was sawn, till he fell, cut in two pieces. Then that courtier was brought and it was said to him, “Give up your religion I” The courtier refused to turn apostate. So the saw was put in the middle of his scalp and was sawn, till he fell cut in two pieces. Then the boy was brought, and it was said to him, “Give up your religion!” The boy refused to turn apostate. So the King ordered some of his courtiers to take the boy to such and such a mountain, saying, “Then ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its top. Then see if he turns apostate, otherwise throw him down from its top.” They took him, ascended up the mountain, and the boy said, “0 Allaah Save me from them by anything You wish” So the mountain shook and all of them tell down and the boy came walking to the king. The king asked him, “What did your companions do?” The boy said, ‘Allah saved me from them.”

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 Al-Hamd (Praises to Allah) – It is also named Al-Hamd, the Praise, because it contains mention of hamd just as Al-Baqarah is named so because it contains mention of the cow. Some scholars also gave the reasoning that Al-Hamd comprises heart of Al-Fatihah.

 

* As-Salah (The Prayer) – It is named the Prayer because its recitation is a condition for the validity of the prayer.

 

* Ash-Shifa – It is also named Ash-Shifa’, the Cure, due to what Ad-Darimi reports on the authority of Abu Sa’id that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said: “The Opening of the Book is a cure to every poison.”

 

* Ar-Ruqyah – It is also named Ar-Ruqya, the Spiritual Cure due to the hadith of Abu Sa’id reported by Bukhari that after he had recited it to cure a person who had been bitten by a scorpion, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) asked him, “…And what made you to know that it was a ruqya.”

 

* Asas al-Quran (the Foundation of the Quran) – Ash-Sha’bi records on the authority of Ibn Abbas that he named it , and that he said, “The foundation of Al-Fatihah is, “Bismillah…” (with the Name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Most Merciful.)

 

Other scholars have also named it as “Al-Kanz (“the Treasure), Ash-Shukr (Gratitude), ad-Dua (Supplication), Ash-Shafiyah (the sufficient), “Al-Kafiyah” (the Sufficient), “Al-Wafiyah”, the Fulfillment and more.

 

REVELATION OF SURAH AL-FATIHAH

It was revealed in Mecca as stated by Ibn Abbas, Qatadah and Abu’l-Aliyah.. It is also postulated that it was revealed in Madinah as stated by Abu Hurayrah, Mujahid, ‘Ata ibn Yasar and Az-Zuhri. It is also said that it was revealed on two separate occasions – once in Makkah and once in Madinah.

 

However the first opinion is the most likely due to Allah’s saying, “We have sent to you the Seven Oft Repeated Verses.” [Al-Hijr 15:87] This verse was revealed in Makkah by agreement of the exegeses.

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 According to the prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam), Surah Al-Fatihah is considered as “the greatest Surah” of the Quran

 

THE POPULAR NAMES OF SURAH AL-FATIHAH ARE THE FOLLOWING:

* Al-Fatihah (The Opening) – It is named Al-Fatihah, the Opening – because it opens the Book and by it the recitation in prayer commences.

 

* Umm al-Quran (Mother of the Quran) – According to At-Tirmidhi on the authority of Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said, “The chapter commencing with] “All praises and thanks are due to Allah.

 

The Lord of the Worlds” is the Mother of the Quran, the Mother of the Book, the Seven Oft Repeated Verses and the Great Quran.” Ibn Jarir at-Tabari said that it was named so because the meaning of the entire Quran is summarised therein. The Arabs named anything that concisely summarises something or comprises its most important part, Umm, or Mother.

 

* Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) – Al-Bukhari said in the beginning of the Book of Tafsir in his Sahih: “It is named Umm al-Quran because it is the first chapter written in the Quranic texts and the recitation in prayer commences with it.”

 

* Sab’ul-Mathani (The Seven Oft Repeated Verses) – It is also named Sab’ul-Mathani, the Seven Oft Repeated Verses, because they are frequently recited and indeed recited in every rakaah of the prayer.

 

Allah SWT says in the Quran:

“And indeed, We have bestowed upon you seven of Al-Mathani (the seven repeatedly recited Verses), (i.e. Surat Al-Fatiha) and the Grand Quran. [Quran: Surah Al-Hijr (87)]”

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 Al-Hafiz Al-Bayhaqi also recorded it in his Sunan from Al-Hakim, then he narrated with his own chain that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

مَنْ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْكَهْفِ كَمَا أُنْزِلَتْ كَانَتْ لَهُ نُورًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ

Whoever recites Surat al-Kahf as it was revealed will have light on the Day of Resurrection.

Source: Sunan Al-Kubra 5856, Grade: Sahih

Source: Tafsīr al-Qurʼān al-ʻAẓīm 18:1

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 IBN KATHIR WRITES IN HIS COMMENTARY ON SURAH AL-KAHF:

Al-Bara reported: A man recited Surah al-Kahf and there was an animal in the house which began acting in a nervous manner. He looked and saw a fog or cloud overhead. He mentioned this to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and the Prophet said:

اقْرَأْ فُلَانُ فَإِنَّهَا السَّكِينَةُ تَنَزَّلَتْ عِنْدَ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ تَنَزَّلَتْ لِلْقُرْآنِ

Continue reciting. Verily, that was tranquility which came down for the recitation of the Quran.

Source: Sahih Muslim 795, Grade: Sahih

The man who recited it was Usaid ibn Al-Hudayr.

 

Abu Ad-Darda reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

مَنْ حَفِظَ عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِ سُورَةِ الْكَهْف عُصِمَ مِنْ الدَّجَّالِ

Whoever memorizes ten verses from the beginning of Surat al-Kahf will be protected from the False Messiah.

Source: Sahih Muslim 809, Grade: Sahih

This was also recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa’i and At-Tirmidhi. According to the version recorded by At-Tirmidhi:

 

مَنْ حَفِظَ ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الْكَهْف

Whoever memorizes three verses from the beginning of Surat al-Kahf.

Source: Sunan At-Tirmidhi 2886, Grade: Sahih

At-Tirmidhi said it is “good and authentic” (hasan sahih).

 

In his Mustadrak, Al-Hakim recorded from Abu Sa’eed that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

مَنْ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْكَهْفِ فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ أَضَاءَ لَهُ مِنَ النُّورِ مَا بَيْنَ الْجُمُعَتَيْنِ

Whoever recites Surat al-Kahf on the day of Friday will have a light for him between this Friday and the next.

Source: Sunan Al-Kubra 5856, Grade: Sahih

Al-Hakim said, “This tradition has an authentic chain of narration, but Al-Bukhari and Muslim did not record it.”

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 Their Prophet then proclaimed,

“The sign of the blessings of Talut’s kingship over you is that Allah will give you back the Tabut wooden box that has been taken from you.” Surat Al–Baqarah – verse  20 

The angels came down while carrying the Tabut between the sky and the earth, until they placed it before Talut(A.S) while the people were watching. Then when Talut (A.S) set out with the army, he said:

“Verily, Allah will try you by a river. So whoever drinks thereof, he is not of me; and whoever tastes it not, he is of me, except him who takes (thereof) in the hollow of his hand.‘ al-Baqarah 2:249

Talut (A.S), marched forth with his soldiers and the Israelites who obeyed him. His army was of eighty thousand. When thy reached on the river they all drank thereof,  except a few of them. But Whoever took some of it the river’s water in the hollow of his hand, quenched his thirst; as for those who drank freely from it, their thirst was not quenched.

Israelites who remained with king thought that they were few in the face of their enemy who were many then. So, their knowledgeable scholars strengthened their resolve by stating that Allah’s promise is true and that triumph comes from Allah Alone, not from the large numbers or the adequacy of the supplies. When the faithful party, who were few under the command of Talut, faced their enemy, who were many under the command of Jalut. They prayed:

“Our Lord! Pour forth on us patience and send down patience on us from You. And set firm our feet against the enemy and save us from running away and from feebleness.” And make us victorious over the disbelieving people. Allah said:

“They defeated and overwhelmed them by Allah’s aid and support. Then and Dawud Eliminated Jalut.” Talut promised that whoever Eliminated Jalut, would marry his daughter and would share his kingship and authority. He kept his promise. Later, the kingship was transferred to Prophet Dawud in addition to being granted Prophethood by Allah.

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 Taloot and Jaloot

In the offsprings of bani Israeel only a pregnant woman remained, in who the prophet hood still appeared. She was a widow so the Israelites kept her in a house so that Allah may give her a boy, who would be their Prophet. The woman also kept invoking Allah to grant her a boy. Allah heard her Duas and gave her a boy whom she called `Shamwil. Some people said that the boy’s name was Sham`un (Simeon). As that boy grew, Allah raised him to be a righteous person. When he reached the age of prophethood, Allah revealed to him and commanded him to call his people to Him. Shamwil called the sons of Israel Nation to Allah and they asked him to appoint a king over them so that they could fight their enemies under his command.

The kingship had also ended among them. Dawud (A.S) said to them, “What if Allah appoints a king over you, would you fulfill your vow to fight under his command’‘

They said, “Why should we not fight in Allah’s way while we have been driven out of our homes. But when fighting was ordered for them, they turned away, all except a few of them. Only a few of them kept their promise, but the majority abandoned. And Allah has full knowledge of them.”

When the Israelites asked their Prophet to appoint a king over them, Hazrat Dawud (A.S) appointed Talut, who was then a soldier. But, Talut was not a descendant of the house of kings. Theydid not accept him. They said that Talut was also poor and did not have the wealth that justifies him being king. Some people stated that Talut (A.S) used to bring water to the people, while others stated that his profession was dyeing skins. Thus, they disputed with their Prophet while they were supposed to obey him and to say good words to him. Dawud (A.S) stated, “I did not choose Talut (A.S) to be your king on my own. Rather, Allah has commanded that upon your and has increased him abundantly in knowledge and stature. `Talut is more knowledgeable and honorable than you, and stronger and more patient during combat, and has more knowledge of warfare. The king should have sufficient knowledge, be fair looking and should have a strong soul and Allah grants His kingdom to whom He wills. Allah Alone is the Supreme Authority Who does what He wills and no one can ask Him about His actions, while they will be asked about their actions by Him. This is because Allah has perfect knowledge, wisdom and kindness with His creation.

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